渝新欧铁路贯通欧亚大陆 推动两江新区对欧贸易
2014-04-01 13:50:57
Landbridge平台
渝新欧铁路贯通欧亚， “丝绸之路”焕发生机
传说中，中国汉武帝（公元前156-87）曾经站在自己广袤的帝国向西望去，大胆预测那片土地上的人们对中国的产品有非常巨大的需求。
皇家的观察立刻激发了人们对那片陌生土地的探索，从此开辟了一条由东往西的贸易通道“丝绸之路”。
但是随着航运贸易的发展，这条陆上古道渐渐衰落。
现在，中国正准备重新打造这条世界著名的贸易通道，让它焕发昔日的光辉。在这条道路上，我们不会再见到骆驼商队，现代的旅行者将搭乘汽车，火车和飞机来往于欧亚大陆。
2011年始运的重庆-新疆-欧洲（渝新欧）国际铁路就是一个最新的例子。
重庆是中国内陆唯一的直辖市，也是这条欧亚大通道的起点，贯穿东西，连接南北。
这座巨大型城市拥有3200万人口，是世界上最大和发展最快的城市之一。
渝新欧铁路向北连接了古丝绸之路的起点陕西省西安市，这座古城在数百年前曾因丝绸之路而兴盛繁荣一时。
这条新通道为重庆的对外贸易公司提供了比海运更加经济、便捷的运输选择。以前，外贸公司的货物必须通过中国南方的沿海城市，比如上海和广州，穿行马六甲海峡，然后才能到达欧洲。
许多国际物流公司，比如DB Schenker全球国际货运代理（中国）有限公司和Far East Land Bridge远东陆桥公司, 已经使用这条通道运输把集装箱从重庆运送到欧洲的港口，比如德国的杜伊斯堡。
这条全长11000多公里的铁路途经西安，兰州，乌鲁木齐，阿拉山口，穿越边境到达哈萨克斯坦境内。然后继续穿越俄罗斯，白俄罗斯和波兰抵达德国的杜伊斯堡。
重庆市领导说这条渝新欧国际铁路使重庆成为国际物流的中心之一，将长江经济带和欧洲紧密相连。
通过这条铁路，重庆到欧洲平均只要16天时间，比起海运起码快了一倍以上。从此，重庆从一个内陆城市变成为中国向西开放的桥头堡。
此外，重庆和多方合作协商，极力简化了海关和税收流程，让国际贸易更见便捷。
惠普公司的高级副总裁Tony Prophet说，由于这条渝新欧铁路，在重庆生产的惠普笔记本电脑能更快更便宜地到达全球客户手中。
在2011，渝新欧铁路只是一月开行一班。到现在已经是每天一班，预计到2015年，能够达到每天三班。
渝新欧铁路现在主要是运输重庆制造的笔记本电脑、机械电子产品和汽车零配件到欧洲去。但是由于运回中国的货物还比较少，所以现在的运输成本还比较高。
根据渝新欧物流有限公司提供的数字，从2011年1月28日首趟班列开行至今，共开行了96趟班列（其中回程班列1趟），从重庆运送了超过20亿美元的货物。货物运输总量达到8400标箱，货物运输周转量达到9000万标箱公里，是目前开通时间最早、开行数量最多的中国到欧洲的货运班列。
回程班列运送的是长安福特的汽车零配件，从德国的杜伊斯堡出发，历经17天，在2013年3月18日到达重庆。
为使渝新欧国际铁路联运大通道更加适应中欧贸易往来的需要，进一步扩大渝新欧的辐射作用和影响力，重庆决定从4月8日开始开行公共班列，并且要开行往返班列。所谓公共班列即是每周按固定时间准时发车，同时服务于各类有运往欧洲或从欧洲返回货运需求的企业和产品。
同时，渝新欧铁路冬天不再停开。自主研发的保温集装箱意味着渝新欧物流公司可以在冬天运输货物了。
现在每车货物的运费大约为8000美元，但是随着回程货物的增多，价格将有望降到5000到6000美元左右。
为了充分发挥渝新欧铁路大通道和国家级开发开放平台优势，重庆两江新区将打造一个全新的自由贸易港城。
重庆自由贸易港城将于3月29日正式开工建设，预计2015年11月竣工。
重庆两江新区是继上海浦东新区、天津滨海新区后，国务院直接同意批复的第三个国家级新区。
重庆自由贸易港城投资近100亿人民币，包括酒店、大型购物中心和写字楼等。
这个贸易自由港城是在重庆保税商品展示交易中心基础上建立的。2011成立的这个交易中心是为境内外客商汇集进出口商品、信息、技术的综合性商务平台。
目前已有400余家企业的入驻，其中涵盖世界500强企业13家，港区年产值超过700亿元。
为了加强对欧贸易，自由港城还会建立一个物流中心和电子商务中心。
2013年5月，来自美国、意大利和澳大利亚的物流公司已经在重庆投资了540亿元人民币，抢占渝新欧国际铁路的先机。
抢占新丝绸之路桥头堡
去年，习近平主席在哈萨克斯坦的一次演说中提议中国和中亚国家应该共同建立“丝绸之路经济带”。这个横跨亚欧的战略将覆盖超过全球30亿人口，该经济带将成为举世无双的全球单一最大市场。
李克强总理在今年两会期间的工作报告中指出中央政府将积极促进“丝绸之路经济带”的建设，该经济带将最终涵盖超过40个国家。
重庆正积极申请成为“丝绸之路经济带”的起点和“海上丝绸之路”的中心，连接中国内陆和世界。
重庆市长黄奇帆说，不断壮大的运输系统将这个直辖市与海外市场紧密连接，使重庆非常具有竞争力。
今年，为了增加与海外的交流，许多省市都在申请成为“丝绸之路经济带”的一部分。
黄市长说重庆的优势在于水陆空的立体运输系统。
“长江航运有巨大潜力，”他说。而且，他说今后货物运输量将两三倍的增加。
其他内陆省份，如四川和陕西，也在申请成为“丝绸之路经济带”的起点。
“欧洲国家需要重庆的电子产业，”黄市长说。同时，他说，重庆的产业集群完善，产品受到全世界的欢迎。
“在建设丝绸之路经济带的战略上重庆已经占领了先机，”黄市长指出，重庆早在2011年就开始通过渝新欧铁路往欧洲运送货物了。
重庆已经开始和俄罗斯进行合作，内容包括在渝设立领馆。今年将开通重庆到俄罗斯几大城市的直航班机。同时，重庆两江新区将建立中俄产业园，重点打造航空制造产业，包括直升机零部件和引擎。
continental railway promises to revive Silk Road
Standfirst: New town and launch of regular trains to boost modernized trading routes between East and West
By Tan Yingzi in Chongqing
Legend has it that Chinese emperor Han Wu Di (156 BC-87 BC) once looked to the lands west of his vast empire and proclaimed them full of people who placed "great value on the rich produce of China".
That regal observation spurred exploration of those foreign lands, leading to a network of trading routes between the East and West that came to be known as the Silk Road.
But the historic route declined in the centuries that followed as maritime trade increased.
Now China is building a modern version of the ancient world's renowned trade routes to bring back the glory days — instead of camels, modern travelers will use cars, trains and planes.
The latest addition to this effort is the Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe international railway, which started operating in 2011.
Starting in Chongqing, the only municipality in inland China, the Asia-Europe rail link project bridges East and West and connects North and South.
The megacity boasts a population of 32 million and is one of the largest and fastest growing cities in the world.
Chongqing opened a line to form part of the new route in the north at Shaanxi's provincial capital Xi'an — the historical city that flourished as the Chinese terminus of the Silk Road centuries ago.
The new link offers an attractive alternative for trading companies in Chongqing that otherwise use the more time consuming and costly maritime route via southern Chinese coastal ports, including Shanghai or Guangzhou, before shipping goods through the Strait of Malacca.
Logistics companies such as DB Schenker and Far East Land Bridge already use the land route to transport containers between Chongqing and European ports like Duisburg in Germany's Ruhr industrial belt.
The 11,000 km route passes through Xi'an, Lanzhou, Urumqi and the Alataw Pass, where it crosses the border into Kazakhstan. It then continues through Russia, Belarus and Poland before ending in Duisburg, Germany.
Chongqing authorities say the railway puts the city on the map as an international logistics hub by connecting the Yangtze River Delta economic belt to Europe.
The journey takes an average of 16 days, less than half the time of the maritime route, and is changing Chongqing's role from an inland city to a bridgehead for China's gateway to the West.
In addition, customs and tariff procedures have been simplified to make international trade more convenient.
Thanks to the railway, PC products manufacturer Hewlett Packard, which has laptop factories in Chongqing, saved significant transport costs and time, benefiting its consumers worldwide, said Tony Prophet, HP's senior vice-president.
In 2011, trains ran just once a month. Now they run every day and the number of departures is expected to rise to three per day by 2015.
While shipping laptops, mechanical and electrical products and car parts made in Chongqing to Europe, the railway still has to deal with relatively high freight costs, as there are few China-bound goods.
According to YuXinOu (Chongqing) Logistics, since 2011, 95 train services carried cargo worth more than $2 billion from Chongqing but only one cargo train ran from Europe. The first return cargo train carried Ford car parts from Duisburg, Germany, at the end of February 2013, and arrived in Chongqing 17 days later on March 18.
The rail link is now the busiest cargo freight route between China and Europe, according to the logistics company.
To meet the increasing demand of the Sino-Euro trade, the company recently announced that the first train with a regular weekly schedule between Chongqing and Europe will leave on April 8.
Self-developed insulated containers mean YuXinOu Logistics can now also transport the products during winter.
The cost of each wagon to Europe is $8,000, but the figure is expected to fall to about $5,000 to $6,000 as more European goods are carried back to China via the link.
To benefit from the increase in trains and encourage more trade a new free trade port town will be built in the Chongqing Liangjiang New Area.
Work was due to start on March 29, and the town is expected to be up and running by November 2015.
The national development area is the third to be approved directly by the State Council, following Shanghai's Pudong New Area and the Binhai New Area in Tianjin.
The Chongqing Free Trade Port Town received 10 billion yuan ($1.6 billion) for investment projects including new hotels, shopping malls and office buildings.
The town will be built around a trade center, which was established in 2011. The center is a commercial platform for business people in China and abroad to exchange information and products.
To date 400 companies have moved into the center, including 13 Fortune 500 companies.
To help facilitate trade with Europe a logistics center and an e-commerce center will also be built.
In early May, three logistics companies from the United States, Italy and Australia invested 5.4 billion yuan in the region to tap the potential opportunities.
Spearheading the New Silk Road
In a speech in Kazakhstan last year, President Xi Jinping proposed that China and the Central Asian countries build an "economic belt along the Silk Road". The trans-Eurasian project would target more than 3 billion people and represent the single biggest market in the world, one with unparalleled potential.
In his work report at the start of the second session of the 12th National People's Congress in March, Premier Li Keqiang said that the government will push forward the establishment of the Silk Road economic belt, which may eventually encompass more than 40 countries.
Chongqing is applying to be the start of the Silk Road economic belt and the hub of a 21st century maritime Silk Road, connecting the Chinese interior to the world.
Chongqing Mayor Huang Qifan said the city's growing transportation system that reaches overseas makes the inland southwest municipality very competitive.
This year, many provinces applied to become part of the Silk Road economic belt to increase their overseas connections.
Huang said Chongqing's advantage is that it connects with other cities by air, rail and water.
"The Yangtze River gateway has great potential," he said, adding that the cargo volume could double or even triple.
Inland provinces, such as Sichuan and Shaanxi, are also applying to be the start of the belt.
"Chongqing's electronic industries are needed in European countries," Huang said, adding that a cluster of industries in the city make products that are needed by the world and would also be important to open up.
The mayor said, "Chongqing is one step ahead in taking the initiative in the economic belt." He pointed out that the municipality has been shipping goods to Europe via the trans-Eurasian railway network since 2011.
Chongqing has already started to seek cooperation with Russia, which is about to establish a consulate in the municipality. Direct flights to several Russian cities will begin this year and a Sino-Russian industrial park will be built in Liangjiang New Area that will focus on aviation-related manufacturing, including helicopter parts and engines.
渝新欧铁路大事记
1. 全长11,179km。
2. 16天穿越6个国家：中国，哈萨克斯坦，俄罗斯，白俄罗斯，波兰和德国.
3.2010年11月，“渝新欧”首次五国六方协调会在重庆举行，确定以班列的形式开行。
4.2011年1月28日，首次开行到莫斯科。
5.2011年3月19日，首次开行到德国杜伊斯堡。
6. 2011年6月30日，首次以班列形式常态化开行。
7. 2013年2月28日，首趟渝新欧回程班列（长安福特专列）从德国杜伊斯堡车站开出，经过波兰、白俄罗斯、俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦，最终到达中国重庆团结村。
8. 2014年4月8日，渝新欧将开行首趟公共班列，改变以往多是IT专列的情况。所有需要出口到渝新欧沿线的产品，都可以搭乘此通道。同时，不仅是重庆的企业和货物可以，重庆周边地区的货物，都可以搭乘渝新欧直达欧洲。
9.据重庆市物流办数据，渝新欧自2011年1月28日开通以来，截至2014年1月24日，已经成功开行96趟班次，其中去程95班，回程1班，外贸货物运输总量达8434标箱，出口货值超过30亿美元。
Fast Facts
• Total length of 11,179 km.
• Going through six countries in about 16 days: China, Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, Poland and Germany.
• The first coordination meeting attended by representatives from five countries along the railway was held in Chongqing in November 2010.
• The first train on the railway to travel to Moscow arrived on Jan 28, 2011.
• The first train on the railway to travel to Duisburg, Germany, arrived on March 19, 2011.
• Regular train services on the railway started on June 30, 2011.
• The first return train on the railway left Duisbrug for China on Feb 28, 2013. It passed through Poland, Belarus, Russia, and Kazakhstan before it finally arrived at Tuanjie Village in Chongqing.
• The first train on the railway not limited to carry only IT products will run on April 8, 2014. It can carry all products to be exported to countries along the line and will transport products from regions around Chongqing to Europe.
• From the first train, which ran on Jan 28, 2011, to Jan 24, 2014, the railway has seen a total of 96 runs. During this time the trains transported 8,434-container exports worth $3 billion, according to the Chongqing logistics office.
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